Social Implications of Surveillance and Security Essay Example for Free

Social Implications of Surveillance and Security Essay Academic Skills – Essay Plan. a. Essay Question: Discuss the social implications of Surveillance and Security (technologies) dealt with in this course. b. Thesis Statement: Surveillance and security plays an active role at a point in everyone’s life by concentrating on the protection of people and property. They both demonstrate that monitoring is of importance. THIS ESSAY ARGUES.. – How Surveillance and Security deal with social implications: First – the surveillance of children There are positive and negatives to both aspects How it is affecting children lives It is a benefit to them – protecting them Who is actually monitoring/ watching them( parents, teachers etc) Protection over people Second – the importance of policy development through the use of cameras Through images – eg that can be used in court Cameras – images – then can be used in court to save others and prove evidence that a person is guilty. Security – protection over property Thirdly – linking – how both surveillance and security (different) One plays a specific role One is more involved in .. certain aspects Helped to do ** They both link as they are both protecting something of importance Helping to keep the world, environment etc safe. ^ bring in other examples – random ones Both Surveillance and Security have from an angle – helped to protect, manage, direct and influence people by monitoring their behaviour, activities and changing information. This essay argues that the social implications of both surveillance and security †¦ In terms of child surveillance – the social implications are the fact that it is affecting children lives, they are surrounded by this whole process of being watched. For example they could be out with friends and still feel on edge c. Point 1: statement plus evidence ( ie. Quote / paraphrase/summary plus give reference to source): Focuses on children in terms of surveillance and the social implication on that topic (case study) focused on – Article â€Å"The Surveillance of Childrens Mobility† In a sense to be a child is to be under surveillance Children surveillance Parents watch their children to keep them safe and to correct their behavior Teachers keep an eye on students to enforce classroom rules and to maintain discipline Managers of shopping malls and ,any other semi-public places use a variety of methods to keep young people under control in order to maintain those spaces for adult usage, sensibilities and consumption Depending on age, which is critical in this context, it can be argues that surveillance as care is a necessary condition of nurturing and educating children and young people As absence of surveillance has been seen as critical to children’s wellbeing and development in some romantically derived liberal regimes of child nurturing. Some regimes ( as in alternative education systems) are now very much the minority as more attention is focused on the child in the family, the school, public space, by parents, educators, the state nad corporations. Freedom for children is (developed world) urban space has become problematic , particularly in the modern era. d. Point 2: statement plus evidence ( ie. Quote / paraphrase/summary plus give reference to source) Focuses on the importance of policy development through the use of cameras ( images and video evidence) as a form of security – to keep us safe. Security is evident through images and video evidence The process of providing evidence that the images are real Used as evidence in court and in formal internal disciplinary matters, they were asked to describe how the images are â€Å"safeguarded†(protected) How they were labeled as to location and time and what chain of custody policies ensured that the images were not tampered with and were they actually the ones the charges were based on Images were common when it came to criminal  or civil. The media were intrigued by the video evidence as it established who commited what crime, although readers not knowing that they were being perceieved by the false truth Images were publicized widely in local newspapers, on television stations and were often shown on news programs. It was proven by the research program that videos played a huge role in assisting in criminal prosecutions, almost as many agencies reported that they had used images from their surveillance systems as evidence in employee disciplinary actions. e. Point 3: statement plus evidence ( ie. Quote / paraphrase/summary plus give reference to source) link them both together now. f. Conclusion: restating thesis and suggesting a connection between different points It is clear therefore that the social implications of the technologies, Surveillance and Security play a vast role in society. The use of monitoring children (is shown) has a direct influence on their well-being, knowing where they are and what they are doing. This adds a sense of relief to important people in their life surrounding them although it interferes with a child’s independence throughout their life. Monitoring is evidence that this activity prevents accidents and inappropriate behaviour, but also encourages good behaviour. The use of monitoring through cameras not only keeps people and property safe but it is a source of evidence ( in terms of images and video evidence) that can be used to provide evidence to prove the elements of a case of the elements of a defense. Child safety, Stuructured separation and property adds a sense of protection ensuring them to feel safe and secure The social implications both surveillance and security deal with being monitored Surveillance of Children Having parents, guardians, managers, teachers etc be a logical ending to what has been previously been discussed. It must pull together all of the parts of your argument and refer the reader back to the focus you have outlined in your introduction and to the central topic. This gives your essay a sense of unity. never contain any new information. usually be only a paragraph in length, but in an extended essay (3000+ words) it may be better to have two or three paragraphs to pull together the different parts of the essay. add to the overall quality and impact of the essay. This is your final statement about this topic; thus it can make a great impact on the reader. This includes observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment, or inception of electronically transmitted information. Thesis Statement a. tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion. b. is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper. c. directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel. d. makes a claim that others might dispute. is usually a single sentence somewhere in your first paragraph that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation. e. Social Implication – pertaining (relating) to human relations, companionship, society or community and its organizational structure. f. g. This means what you do, in terms of your lifetime, how do your decisions effect How does monitoring through parents etc effect the children How does the use of photos and video evidence affect the end result in protecting / putting the bad away example in jail or be charge with an offence. Protects no only that person but others – saves lives When references sources – how do we reference?

International Eugenics Essay -- Genetics

Throughout the history of international relations, the study of human diversity has held a key role in establishing the political principles and recognized shared culture that defines nationhood. Nations have traditionally been associated with a specific geographic location and political ideology, but they also have ethnical identifiers associated with this shared culture. These ethnical identifiers were thrust onto the world stage during the end of the nineteenth century with the introduction of the study of eugenics. The purpose of this study is to examine the historiography of the eugenics movement as it occurred globally, providing a comparative survey of programs, legislation and ideologies in multiple nation settings. In order to provide a global comparative study of international eugenic programs and ideologies, several disciplines will be followed, focusing on four major terms used to delineate eugenics, â€Å"population, quality, territory, and nation.† Although eugenics has been seriously examined by historians since the 1960’s, international comparisons are a recent addition to the field of research, emerging near the end of the twentieth century. Even as these comparative studies become more popular, the majority of this research focuses on eugenics in Britain, Germany, and the United States. For these reasons, this study will attempt to highlight the movement outside of the Western world only drawing on their historiography as precedence throughout the global community. In 1963, Mark H. Haller published Eugenics: Hereditarian Attitudes in American Thought. As the first major history of American eugenics, Haller encapsulated the movement and only hinted at the biological doctrines of the Nazi’s and Soviet Union. Haller... ..., G. R. Eugenics and Politics in Britain, 1900-1914. (Leyden: Noordhoff International Publishing, 1976), 4. Adams, Mark B. The Wellborn Science: Eugenics in Germany, France, Brazil, and Russia. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 25. Adams, Mark B. The Wellborn Science: Eugenics in Germany, France, Brazil, and Russia. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 25. Francesco Cassata, Building a New Man: Eugenics, Racial Sciences and Genetics in Twentieth Century Italy. (New York: Central European University Press, 2011), 147-155. Stepan, Nancy. The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), 4. Broberg, Gunnar, and Nils Roll-Hansen. Eugenics and the Welfare State: Sterilization Policy in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland. (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1996), 2.

Analyzing the Formation of Habits Using Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches

The habit to be analyzed is cigarette smoking. Around the age of 13 is when I probably had my first cigarette. The habit developed from a learned behavior from the adults around me and peer pressure. I can remember many of the adult figures around me, more so the adult males, smoked cigarettes, and cigars. At the time when I was a girl there was not an age limit on buying cigarettes. My father, who ran his body and fender shop out the garage in the back yard would send me and my siblings to the corner drugstore to buy his KOOL cigarettes. The seventh grade is when the peer pressure began.I remember sneaking the KOOL cigarettes out of my father’s pack and smoking on the way to school with friends. Smoking did not become a habit then. I had older sisters and always wanted to follow them. So once I was in high school they let me hang out with them. I smoked to pretend I was as grown as they were. It still had not become a habit. After high school about the age of 19 is when it be came a habit. I moved away from home and wanted to do the things that grown-ups do. Because smoking has formed into a habit my body craved the nicotine and this is what fed the habit and caused it to continue.The habit continued until my 29th year when I became pregnant with my daughter. The smoking probably would have continued through pregnancy, but it made me sick. The smoking resumed after birth for the next 15 years. During the period after birth I tried to stop smoking once or twice unsuccessfully, convincing myself that I enjoyed smoking and was not ready to quit. It was the nicotine addiction talking to me. Most of my friends smoke and it was something we did together When comparing this habit to the behavioral personality theory, it makes complete sense.The behavioral personality theory only deals with externally observable things. This habit came about from watching and observing others. Trying to do as others to fit in or be someone different than who I was at the time, n ot knowing how addicting this habit could be. As a person gets older the body does not allow one to continue the habits that started in their younger years without consequences. The effects of aging start taking over. Because of operant conditioning this habit had to be change. The effect of smoking in people with diabetes cause a high cardiovascular risk, Diabeticnephropathy which causes kidney disease, high blood pressure, and genetic predisposition. Every visit to the doctor reminded me of the consequences of smoking. Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through these rewards and punishments, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior (Kendra Cherry, 2013). This conditioning caused me to quit this habit. First I had to make the conscience decision that this was going to be the end of smoking.The plan was to quit smoking cold tur key; I did not want to substitute one drug to give up another. I no longer allowed myself to buy cigarettes. If I had the urge to smoke a cigarette, I would get one from someone else, preferably non-menthol or not my brand so it would not be satisfying. All money that was to be spent on cigarettes went into a savings account. After six months I had a savings of $360. 00. This is where the operant conditions plays a part, that was a great reward. This was a hard habit to change but not as hard as I thought it would be.Like any habit or addiction I believe the person has to want to make the change. People who â€Å"relapse† make the conscience decision to continue the habit. Social cognitive theory (SCT) refers to a psychological model of behavior that started primarily from the work of Albert Bandura (1977; 1986). It was first developed with an emphasis on the cognitive process or acquiring knowledge of social behaviors, social cognitive theory continues to single out that lea rning happens in a social setting and that much of what is learned is acquired through watching others (The Gale Group, 2013).Cognitive-behavioral theory (CBT) refers to the basic principle that a person’s perceptions play a substantial and important role in the development and maintenance of emotional and behav ¬ioral responses to life situations. In CBT models, cognitive processes, in the form of meanings, judgments, appraisals, and assumptions associated with specific life events, are the primary determinants of one’s feelings and actions in response to life events and thus either enable or hold back the process of adaptation (A. Antonio Gonzalez-Prendes and Stella M.  Resko, 2013)After understanding both the social and behavioral cognitive theories, I believe the cognitive-behavioral theory has the most influence in the makeup of my personality. The cognitive behavioral theory comes into play when I am trying to reach self-actualization motives as described in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. I tend to react on feelings in most situations, which will either enable or hold back the process of adaptation. In conclusion, I am finding that studying the different theories of behavior is giving me a better understanding of the way people act and think. This hase been a very informative class.

From the Spanish Inquisition to Now Ethnography of the Subculture of Catholicism in Spain - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2264 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Ethnographic Essay Did you like this example? PREFACE Ever since I was a little girl I have been Catholic. From Catholic school as an elementary student, to attending Sunday School classes as I traversed through public high school, I can safely say I have experienced life as an American Catholic. A few months ago I had traveled to Spain as a graduation gift from my dad. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "From the Spanish Inquisition to Now Ethnography of the Subculture of Catholicism in Spain" essay for you Create order I was in Spain with my dad, stepmom, and stepsister from May to June. We were lucky enough to spend an entire two weeks traveling all over Spain. Within those first few days, we all met up with an old friend of my stepmoms that has lived in Spain his whole life. He and his family are all Catholics. In school I had always been aware that Catholicism played a big role in Spain, which was especially emphasized in my history classes. But being present in Spain, and being surrounded by this subculture that breathes throughout the country is what hammered that fact into my brain: that Spain has a deep-rooted subculture of Catholicism. Ever since coming to this realization, Ive wanted to explore deeper into this subculture and how it is different from my subculture here in the United States. I know that Catholicism is a religion that celebrates universally throughout the world, but I wanted to discover the subtle differences between how Spanish Catholics celebrate and how American Catholics celebrate Catholicism. Whenever I think of Catholicism, I think of older, elderly men and women that attend church every single Sunday, as well as families that take their newborn babies to Mass, and how they inevitably leave in the middle of the service to keep them from disturbing the Mass. When I think of Catholicism in Spain, however, its different. I think of beautiful cathedrals, and people of all ages attending Mass. I imagine the presence of tradition being heavy on the congregation as everyone lifts their hearts to God. This, of course, is only an idea that I have created in my head from assumptions I have made as a person from another continent. And until this year, I hadnt experienced anything to change those assumptions. While I was in Spain, I had expected the churches and cathedrals to be absolutely stunning, and not too much different from the cathedrals here in Alabama. I also expected the Masses to either be told in Spanish or Latin, depending on if the cathedral was especially traditiona l or not. I also expected everything that had to deal with the Mass to be serious, maybe even more strict and serious than in the United States. This thought doesnt really make sense because the Church is universal so all the practices have to be held pretty much the same way. What I mean by more serious and strict is how the congregation reacts towards the Mass. I feel that the people attending church are more quiet and respectful when it comes to their young children crying. I also feel that the same demographics will be represented in the service. I believe that a lot of the service will be attended by the elderly, especially since as people get closer in age to dying, they are more likely to stick to their religious and moral beliefs alittle closer than they did as a young adult (White). As a result, these elderly people make up the majority of the catholic congregation. Since the elderly are more set in their ways, they are more likely to favor tradition, so I concluded that th e Spanish Masses would be more steeped in tradition than the American Masses. I was able to handful of churches while in Spain in different locations and cities throughout the country, and I was lucky enough to stand in while a Mass was being held. Before doing so, I had expected solemnity, structure, and beautiful to be present and consistent in each church that I visited in Spain. This, I had expected, would be a very amazing experience to view a similar subculture to my through an outsiders eyes. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Catholicism was first introduced to Spain in the early first century by the Visigoths. The Visigoths were part of the Germanic tribes that took over after the Roman Empire collapsed (Mark). Then by the eighth century and until the fifteenth century, the Arabs and Berbers conquered Spain and held control. The Islamic religion then spread throughout the country during that long period. For the majority of the Middle Ages, Spain was constantly being fought over by the Muslims (then known as the Moors) and the Christians. This period of warfare greatly impacted Spain and is referred to as the Reconquista. After this Reconquista, King Ferdinand the Second and Queen Isabella the First of Castile came into power. By the urging of Queen Isabella, the Spanish Inquisition was put into power in 1478. The purpose of the Spanish Inquisition was to drive out the non-believers from Spain. These non-believers included the Moors, the Jews, the Protestants, and other people labeled as heretics in the eyes of the Catholic Church (Kreger). The counter reformation was an effort in the sixteenth century Spain to keep the Catholic faith alive throughout the country. This counter reformation was successful and the influence of Protestants was greatly diminished. During the eighteenth century was the height of the Catholic Churchs power to the government. Finally, from the nineteenth century and onwards, the Catholic faith as a power over Spain has decreased. This is especially prevalent through the Spanish Civil war, which lasted from 1936-1939, and this war was mainly caused by how much of a role the Catholic Church should have in Spains government. Once the Socialist party took over Spains government fourteen years ago, some legislation that directly goes against what the Catholic Church believes have been passed, which gives evidence as to how important of a role the Catholic Church is in Spains government currently (Phillips). I visited a number of churches and cathedrals while I was in Spain. These churches were the Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus in San Sebasti?- n, the Church of Saint Lorenzo in Valencia, and the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona. OBSERVATIONAL DATA AND ANALYSIS 25 May 2018 (11:00 p.m.-11:30 p.m.); 27 May 2018 (5:00 p.m.-5:30 p.m.); 31 May 2018 (7:50 p.m.-8:30 p.m.); 3 June 2018 (3:30 p.m.-4:00 p.m.); 4 June 2018 (6:30 p.m.- 8:00 p.m.) The Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus, 25-27 May 2018 (11:00 p.m.-11:30 p.m.) (5:00 p.m.-5:30 p.m.) This was the first time that I visited a church in Spain. This church is located in the Old Town part of San Sebasti?- n, which is located in northern Spain. The Old Town had cobblestone pavements that had been there since the city was founded. I could even see the parts of the street where they were still inverted, which was originally so that whenever someone dumped their toilets onto the streets, the fluids would run into the center of the street. In modern times, those canals in the middle of the streets are filled with similar looking cobblestone. Located in the middle of the Old Town is the Bas? ­lica de Nuestra Se? ±ora del Coro. It was built in the eighteenth century in the Baroque style. Over the years, more modern sculptures have been added, however, such as the sculpture by a famous Spanish artist, Eduardo Chillida (San Sebasti?- n Turismo). There was currently no Mass being held on the 25th of May, especially considering how the church was closed. According to our fam ily friend Javier, people would sit on the steps of the church to drink and have conversations well into midnight. It is part of the culture of that city, to bar-hop after a 10:00 p.m. dinner, and to congregate around the church. Taking part in that little piece of culture was very new to me. In the United States, you have to be 21 in order to drink alcohol, but in Spain you only have to be 18. I was old enough to take part in the night life in Spain. I didnt feel like much of an outsider while sitting on the churchs steps and drinking, but it was definitely a somewhat weird experience to be drinking in front of a church so casually and so late at night. The second time I visited the church, I was able to take a peek inside. The church on the inside (and outside) looked how I had envisioned the old churches of Spain would look. It was beautifully decorated from the ceiling to the floor in Christian imagery. Statues lined every spare inch of the outside of the church, and the inside was beautifully represented in all different types of warm colors like light blue, red, silver, and gold. It also cost money to enter and receive a tour of the church, which was about ?‚ ¬3-5, depending on how long of a tour you wanted. I wasnt able to afford taking a tour at the time, so I was only able to look around for a short time. The Church of Saint Lorenzo, 31 May 2018 (7:50 p.m.-8:30 p.m.)I was able to stand in the back of this church whilst a service was being held. I was not able to stay long because my family and I had to go out to eat dinner. While I stood in the back of the church, I paid enough attention to know that the Mass was being held in Spanish. This church wasnt as beautifully adorned as the one in San Sebasti?- n, but it was still beautiful. I would compare the amount of decoration and traditional imagery to the Cathedral of Saint Paul in Birmingham, Alabama. The Sagrada Familia, 3-4 June 2018 (3:30 p.m.-4:00 p.m.) (6:30 p.m.-8:00 p.m.)I was lucky enough that I was able to view the magnificence of the Sagrada Familia from both the outside and the inside. And I am proud to say that I attended service there as well. In my first visit however, I was only able to view the outside of the Sagrada Familia because all of the tickets had sold out. I have never seen such magnificence in my entire life. The architect, Antoni Gaud? ­, designed it all so that he could bring glory to the Holy Family. It was his way of showing his faithfulness and respect to the Holy Mother Mary as well. The second time I visited the Sagrada Familia, I was able to buy a ticket to get in. The inside was just as gorgeous, if not more. I visited the basilica at just the right time where the sun was shining through all of the stained glass that adorned every window. It was the most beautiful experience I had ever had. I also found out through my time spent there that anyone can attend Mass there for free on Sundays. I imagine it would be hard to find seating if someone came in late to the service, but to just have the ability to go to church every Sunday at the Sagrada Familia just blows my mind. CONCLUSION The Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus, 25-27 May 2018 (11:00 p.m.-11:30 p.m.) (5:00 p.m.-5:30 p.m.) This basilica confirmed my hypothesis that the churches in Spain are more traditional than the churches here in the United States are. The Church of Saint Lorenzo, 31 May 2018 (7:50 p.m.-8:30 p.m.) This church confirmed my hypothesis that the Masses of at least some churches in Spain are held in Spanish. This church however also brought to my attention that not all churches in Spain are as heavily influenced by tradition as others appear to be. This church more so reminded me of the fancier churches here in Alabama than the beautiful and heavily serious churches I had originally thought Spanish churches would be like. The Sagrada Familia, 3-4 June 2018 (3:30 p.m.-4:00 p.m.) (6:30 p.m.-8:00 p.m.) This basilica was an outlier in my research. This is one of the most famous basilicas in the world because it has taken over one hundred years for its structure to be completed. It is still in construction today. This confirmed all of my theories that the Spanish people are more so heavily influenced than United States Americans to take pride in their Catholicism. That might also be a bias in my part because of where I live and what I have experienced here in Alabama as a Catholic. Overall, this was one of the best experiences I have ever had the privilege to experience. To be able to be an outsider in a place where my very distant ancestors once lived, and to experience the daily life of people that are similar in faith to me has been a blessing. It has opened my eyes as to how people of the same religion can still experience small (or large) differences in their daily lives. WORKS CITED White, Lawrence T. Why are Old People So Religious? Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 16 Feb, 2016, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/culture-conscious/201602/ . Mark, Joshua J.Visigoth.Ancient History Encyclopedia, 4 Dec, 2018, www.ancient.eu/visigoth. Kreger, Kristin. The Spanish Inquisition. Then Again, 5 May 1997, www.thenagain.info/WebChron/WestEurope/SpanInqui.html. Phillips, Michael. Walking on Water: The Catholic Church, Historical Memory, and Human Rights in Spain. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, vol.3, no.2, 2013, pp.286-310., doi;10.1093/ojlr/rwt040. San Sebasti?- n Turismo. Parte Vieja Donosiarra. San Sebasti?- n Tourism, 2018, www.sansebastianturismo.com/es/hacer/que-ver-san-sebastian/parte-vieja-donostarria